Table 3 Univariate analysis of clinicopathological characteristics of patients admitted with symptoms of COVID-19 (n = 224)
From: Prognostic factors in patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital with COVID-19 infection
|  | Alive (n = 172) | Dead (n = 52) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (< / ≥ 70 years) | 124/48 | 19/33 |  < 0.001 |
Sex (male/female) | 91/81 | 33/19 | 0.181 |
BMI (< 20; ≥ 20–29; ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 13/85/74 | 4/25/23 | 0.867 |
SIMD (1 (most)–6 (least) deprived) | 81/31/17/23/1/19 | 24/4/7/11/0/6 | 0.685 |
Ethnicity (1–5) | 159/0/7/2/3 | 50/0/0/0/2 | 0.774 |
Living circumstances (0–3) | 151/11/7/3 | 39/2/8/3 | 0.008 |
Past Medical History | |||
 Hypertension (y/n) | 63/109 | 28/24 | 0.027 |
 Heart failure (y/n) | 12/160 | 11/41 | 0.003 |
 T1DM (y/n) | 2/170 | 0/52 | 0.436 |
 T2DM (y/n) | 37/135 | 15/37 | 0.273 |
 Chronic renal failure (y/n) | 18/154 | 10/42 | 0.095 |
 Cognitive impairment (y/n) | 16/156 | 14/38 | 0.001 |
 Previous delirium (y/n) | 6/166 | 10/40 |  < 0.001 |
 Frailty score (≤ / > 3) | 107/65 | 14/38 |  < 0.001 |
 COPD (y/n) | 29/143 | 12/40 | 0.311 |
 Smoker (never/ex/active) | 82/70/20 | 24/27/1 | 0.428 |
 Alcohol excess (y/n) | 22/150 | 9/43 | 0.410 |
 Liver disease (y/n) | 15/157 | 4/48 | 0.816 |
 Hep C (never/previous/active) | 167/2/2 | 51/1/0 | 0.650 |
 Active cancer (y/n) | 6/166 | 3/49 | 0.464 |
 Asthma (y/n) | 42/130 | 4/48 | 0.009 |
 Surgery < 1 yr (y/n) | 17/154 | 4/44 | 0.277 |
 Cancer resection (y/n) | 1/171 | 0/52 | 0.582 |
Diagnostic criteria | |||
 PCR positive/Clinical Dx/Radiological Dx | 74/7/91 | 37/1/14 | 0.001 |
 PCR negative/indeterminate/positive | 43/42/83 | 4/9/39 | 0.001 |
 CXR negative/positive | 63/107 | 30/21 | 0.006 |
Physiology at presentation | |||
 NEWS (≤ / > 4) | 75/96 | 12/39 | 0.009 |
 Delirium (y/n) | 14/158 | 12/36 | 0.001 |
Laboratory results at presentation | |||
 CRP (< / ≥ 150 mg/L) | 134/37 | 34/18 | 0.058 |
 Albumin (≥ / < 35 g/L) | 82/87 | 15/35 | 0.021 |
 poGPS (0/1/2) | 130/35/3 | 32/15/3 | 0.032 |
 WCC (< 4.5 / ≥ 4.5—≤ 11.0/ > 11.0 × 109/L) | 23/118/30 | 7/34/11 | 0.750 |
 Neutrophils (< / ≥ 7.5 × 109/L) | 132/39 | 34/18 | 0.088 |
 Lymphocytes (≥ / < 1.5 × 109/L) | 52/118 | 7/45 | 0.015 |
 NLR (< 3/ 3–5 / ≥ 5) | 39/46/85 | 5/9/38 | 0.004 |
 Hb (≥ / < 12.0 g/dL) | 143/28 | 38/13 | 0.142 |
 MCV (> / ≤ 99 fl) | 149/21 | 40/11 | 0.102 |
 Hct (male ≥ / < 0.40) (female ≥ / < 0.37) L/L | 126/45 | 29/23 | 0.014 |
 Platelets (≥ / < 150 × 109) | 140/30 | 40/12 | 0.383 |
 Sodium (< 133/ ≥ 133– ≤ 146/ > 146 mmol/L) | 17/153/2 | 9/40/3 | 0.013 |
 Potassium (< 3.5/ ≥ 3.5– ≤ 5.5/ > 5.5 mmol/L) | 13/142/2 | 5/36/0 | 0.822 |
 Mg (≥ / < 0.75 mmol/L) | 33/60 | 8/28 | 0.148 |
Urea (≤ / > 7.5 mmol/L) | 125/47 | 24/28 |  < 0.001 |
Creatinine (≤ / > 130 umol/L) | 159/13 | 43/9 | 0.039 |
AST (≤ / > 40 IU) | 96/55 | 24/16 | 0.678 |
ALT (≤ / > 56 IU) | 136/33 | 41/9 | 0.810 |
ALP (≤ / > 130 IU) | 155/14 | 49/2 | 0.294 |
Bilirubin (≤ / > 17 mmol/L) | 151/18 | 45/6 | 0.823 |
Glucose (≤ / > 7 mmol/L) | 96/51 | 22/20 | 0.128 |
Lactate (< / ≥ 2 mmol/L) | 43/21 | 17/12 | 0.426 |
HCO3 (≥ / < 22 mmol/L) | 29/7 | 14/4 | 0.813 |
PT (≤ / > 13 s) | 94/ 50 | 24/17 | 0.429 |
APPT (≤ / > 38 s) | 133/8 | 36/3 | 0.642 |