Table 2 All published research on endometriosis and anti-inflammatory drugs done in animal models was found by searching PubMed database and the corresponding clinical trials until January 2019
From: Endometriosis: current challenges in modeling a multifactorial disease of unknown etiology
Author, year | Main drug | Drug effect | Animal model (n) | Conclusion | Clinical Trial using the same drug (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier) | ClinicalTrial status | New endometriosis research advance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saltan et al. (2016) [146] | Viburnum opulus | Antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypogly-cemic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory | Rat (30) | Endometrioctic volume reduced; Peritoneal TNF-α, VEGF and IL-6 concentration reduced | The Efficacy of Viburnum Opulus 3X in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea (NCT02467543) | Completed | Endometriosis was an exclusion criteria |
Bostanci et al. (2016) [127]) | Aloe Vera | Antioxidant | Rat (24) | Endometrioctic volume reduced; Peritoneal fluid antioxidant levels raised | 43 trials using Aloe Vera, none using it to treat endometriosis | – | – |
Zhou et al. (2012) [152] | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant | Rat (40) | Reduced levels of CA-125, TNF-α and IL-18. Increased levels of Il-13 | 2 trials with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, one for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the other for Pulmonary conditions. None for endometriosis | – | – |
Neto et al. (2011) [142] | Uncariatomentosa | Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, pro-apoptotic, anti- oxidant and contraceptive | Rat (40) | Contraception | Phase II Clinical Trial of UncariaTomentosa (Cat´s Claw) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (NCT02045719) | Unknown | Not associated with endometriosis |
Sun et al. (2011) [149] | FubaoDangguiJiao | Abortion prevention and regulate menstruation | Rat (40) | Endometrioctic volume reduced | No clinicaltrials | – | – |
Neto et al. (2011) [143] | Uncariatomentosa | Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, pro-apoptotic, anti- oxidant and contraceptive | Rat (25) | Endometrioctic volume reduced | Phase II Clinical Trial of UncariaTomentosa (Cat´s Claw) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (NCT02045719) | Unknown | Not associated with endometriosis |
Qu et al. (2005) [145] | Yiweining | Anti-inflammatory | Rat (50) | Reduced serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 | Comparative study on the efficacy of Yiweining and Gestrinone for post-operational treatment of stage III endometriosis | Completed | Yiweining suppressed post-operational relapse and dissemination of endometriosis III |
Xiao et al. (2002) [151] | Tripterygium Wilfordiipolyglycoside | Anti-inflammatory, immune modulation, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic | Rabbit (22) | Endometriotic volume and antiendometrial antibody reduced; serum FSH and LH levels decreased | 6 clinical trials found on Pubmed. Noneendometriosisrelated | – | Its clinical use is limited duo its severe toxicity |
Chen et al. (2010) [128]) | 15-epi-lipoxin A4 | Anti-inflammatory | Mouse (45) | Supression of lesion growth | 14 trials, none using for endometriosis research | – | – |
Machado et al. (2010) [139] | cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor | Inhibitor of the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins which are one of the responsibles for inflammation | Rat (20) | Supression of lesion growth | 682 trials, none using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor to treat endometriosis | – | – |
Nenicu et al. (2017) [141] | 1-Telmisartan and 2-parecoxib (cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) | 1-Anti-hypertensive; 2-Inhibitor of the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins which are one of the responsibles for inflammation | Mouse (42) | Supression of lesion formation and growth | 282 and 47 trials, none using Telmisartan nor parecoxib to treat endometriosis respectively | – | – |
Jana et al. (2012) [133]) | Curcumin | Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory | Mouse (48) | Supression of lesion growth | Curcumin Supplementation for Gynecological Diseases (NCT03016039) | Not yet recruting | Curcumin was used to trattubo ovarian abcess, endometritis, wound infection. |
Matsuzaki et al. (2004) [140] | cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor | Inhibitor of the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins which are one of the responsibles for inflammation | Rat (74) | Supression of lesion growth | 682 trials, none using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor to treat endometriosis | – | – |
Laux-Biehlmann et al. (2016) [138] | 1-celecoxib (cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor); 2-antinociceptive (Nav1.8 blocker A-803467) | 1-Inhibitor of the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins which are one of the responsibles for inflammation; 2-induce analgesia in inflammatory pain models | Mouse (number of animals was not described) | 1-Decrease in percentage time in the standing position, associated with pain. | 1. 496 trials using celecoxib, none for endometriosis; 2- 55 trials for antinociceptive none with endometriosis; 2-1 study using sodium channel blocker but not endometriosis related | – | – |
Elmali et al. (2002) [130]) | Caffeic acid phenethyl ester | Anti-inflammatory | Rat (30) | Decrease in osxidative stress parameters | 1 clinical trial (NCT02744703) but not endometriosis related | – | – |
Barretto et al. (2016) [125]) | Acetylsalicylic acid | Cytolytic and antineoplastic | Rabbit (40) | Partial supression of lesion growth | 1754 trails, none for endometriosis treatment | – | – |
Abbas et al. (2013) [123]) | β-Caryophyllene | Anti-inflammatory | Rat (27) | Supression of lesion growth without interfering with fertility | 1 trial (NCT03152578) but not endometriosis related | – | – |
Kizilay et al. (2017) [136] | 1- Curcumin; 2-Deferoxamine | 1-Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory; 2-Iron-chelating | Rat (30) | Supression of lesion growth | 58 trials using Deferoxamine, but none for endometriosis treatment | – | – |
Kiykac Altinbas et al. (2015) [135]) | Montelukast | Anti-inflammatory | Rat (33) | Supression of lesion growth | 287 trails using Montelukast (also searched for Singulair and MK 0476), but none for endometriosis research | – | – |
Bayoglu Tekin et al. (2015) [126]) | Resveratrol | Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Rat (40) | Reduction on Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory parameters | Resveratrol for Pain Due to Endometriosis (ResvEndo) (NCT02475564) | Completed (phase 4) | No difference between groups regarding pain and serum CA125 and Prolactin Levels reduction after 42Â days of medication. 22 patients per group. |
Hull et al. (2005) [132] | Nimesulide (COX-2 inhibitor) | Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Mouse (30) | No supression of lesion growth | 17 trails, none for endometriosis treatment | – | – |
Efstathiou et al. (2005) [129]) | 1-Aspirin; 2-Celecoxib; 3-Ibuprofen; 4-Indomethacin; 5-Naproxen; 6-Sulindac; 7-Rofecoxib | Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Mouse (105) | Celecoxib and indomethacin were most efficacious to supress lesion growth and aspirin had no effect | Ibuprofen is only used in 2 clinical trials but as rescue medication, not for testing (NCT02437175; NCT01942122) | – | – |
Takai et al. (2013) [150] | Parthenolide | Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory | Mouse (30) | Inhibited endometriosis like lesion formation | 4 trials, none for endometriosis propose | – | – |
Kurt et al. (2015) [137] | Colchicine | Anti-inflammatory | Rat (16) | Supression of lesion formation and growth | 127 trials, none to study endometriosis | – | – |
Güney et al. (2008) [131] | Melatonin | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | Rat (25) | Supression of lesion formation and growth | 441 trials using Melatonin, none using it to treat endometriosis | – | – |
Kilico et al. (2014) [134]) | Dexketoprofen trometamol (Cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme inhibitor) | Inhibitor of the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins which are one of the responsibles for inflammation | Rat (60) | Supression of lesion formation and growth | 18 trials using Dexketoprofen trometamol (also searched as Enantyum), none to treat endometriosis | – | – |
Rudzitis-Auth et al. (2013) [65] | Resveratrol | Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Mouse (20) | Suppression of new microvessels in lesions | Resveratrol for Pain Due to Endometriosis (ResvEndo) (NCT02475564) | Completed (phase 4) | No difference between groups regarding pain and serum CA125 and Prolactin Levels reduction after 42Â days of medication. 22 patients per group. |
Agostinis et al. 2015 [124]) | 1- N-acetyl cysteine; 2-alpha-lipoic acid; 3- bromelain | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Mouse (16) | Supression of lesion formation and growth | No endometriosis related clinical trial with neither drug | – | – |
Soylu Karapinar et al. (2017) [148] | Dexpanthenol | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Rat (20) | Supression of lesion growth | 26 trials using Dexpanthenol (or Panthenol and Bepanthen), but nnone for endometriosis treatment | – | – |
Siqueira et al. (2011) [147] | Acetylsalicylic acid | Cytolytic and antineoplastic | Rabbit (40) | Supression of lesion growth | 1754 trails, none for endometriosis treatment | – | – |
Olivares et al. (2011) [144] | Celecoxib (Cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme inhibitor) and rosiglitazone | Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Mouse (48) | Supression of lesion formation and growth | 1-Use of Rosiglitazone in the Treatment of Endometriosis (NCT00115661); 2-ffect of Rosiglitazone on Peritoneal Cytokines in Women With Endometriosis (NCT00121953) | 1-Terminated; 2-Withdrawn | – |