Fig. 2
Significant association of EV VEGF-A levels with diabetes mellitus status. EV VEGF-A levels in the longitudinal cohort showed a significant difference between the euglycemic to diabetes and prediabetes to diabetes groups compared to the euglycemic control group (NoDx, euglycemic; PreDM, individuals with prediabetes; DM, individuals with diabetes). The lines represent the predicted values from linear mixed model regression and include two time points for each person, thus time is depicted by age in the graph. Normalized VEGF-A protein levels (log2) are shown. The analysis accounted for age, sex, race, matching by BMI groups, and repeated measurements for the longitudinal data. P < 0.001 for the PreDM to DM group and P < 0.01 for the NoDx to DM group when each is compared to the NoDx to NoDx group