Table 1 Developmental vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 protein S
From: SARS-CoV-2 SPIKE PROTEIN: an optimal immunological target for vaccines
Companies | Vaccination typology | Current development stage |
|---|---|---|
Altimmune | A replication-defective adenovirus vector incorporating the SARS-CoV-2 S protein administered by an intranasal single-dose | The vaccine design and synthesis steps are completed. Moving toward preclinical tests and manufacture, hoping to start phase 1 trial at mid-August |
CanSino biologicals | Adenovirus type 5 vector that expresses S protein | Phase I (NCT04313127) completed Phase II started: It is China’s first recombinant vaccine candidate for novel coronavirus entering Phase II of a human clinical trial, with 500 volunteer participants |
(Sichuan) Clover Biopharmaceuticals (Chengdu, China) Partnered with GlaxoSmithKline | Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S-protein trimer subunit produced by its patented Trimer-Tag© technology | Carrying out preclinical tests with GlaxoSmithKline’s pandemic vaccine adjuvant technology and in collaboration with Dynavax, proprietary holder of toll-like receptor 9 agonist adjuvant, CpG 1018 |
Inovio Pharmaceuticals | Electroporation of DNA INO-4800 encoding SARS-CoV-2 S protein | Started trial in United States (Phase 1 NCT04336410). There are already 3000 doses available |
LineaRx Takis Biotech (Rome) to clinical test candidates in Italy | Electroporation of linear DNA encoding S protein or its specific portions | Five candidates have been designed of linear DNA vaccine based on S protein and selected epitopes, ready for testing by the beginning of May or June |
Moderna | The mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 S protein is encapsulated in ionizable lipid, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and polyethylene glycol lipid | Phase 1 (NCT04283461) testing is underway |
Novavax | Nanoparticle displaying SARS-CoV 2 S protein with saponin-based (Matrix-M) adjuvant | Currently assessing the candidates in animal models, expecting to start Phase 1 trial in June 2020 |
University of Queensland (Brisbane, Australia) | Recombinant subunit of SARS-CoV-2 S protein locked in prefusion conformation by polypeptide moiety (molecular clamp) | In preclinical testing, partnering with Dynavax Technologies Corp. in collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline plc and Seqirus GmbH |