RETRACTED ARTICLE: Serum sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate gene polymorphisms in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicenter prospective study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of ARDS patients

Characteristic	Value (n = 121)
Age, years	61.0 (43.5–69.0)
Male sex	84 (69.4)
Current smokers	35 (28.9)
ARDS risk factor
Sepsis	71 (58.7)
Pneumonia	22 (18.2)
Aspiration	12 (11.6)
Acute pancreatitis	16 (15.7)
Vasopressors use at admission	36 (29.8)
Coexisting conditions
Hypertension	33 (27.3)
Diabetes	16 (13.2)
Coronary heart disease	11 (9.1)
Cerebrovascular disease	15 (12.4)
Chronic renal disease	20 (16.5)
COPD or asthma	11 (9.1)
Cancer	11 (9.1)
Laboratory values on diagnosis of ARDS
WBC count, × 10⁹/L	12.7 (10.14–17.5)
Hematocrit, %	28.0 (23.5–34.1)
Platelet count, × 10⁹/L	174 (92.5–259)
Serum bilirubin, μmol/L	26.3 (12.5–49.8)
Serum creatinine, μmol/L	120.6 (69.5–173.9)
Serum albumin, g/L	29.4 (27.3–31.95)
APACHE II score	25 (21–29)
No. of organ failures	2 (0–3)
Lowest PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio	170.4 (124.0–257.0)
Berlin categories
Mild	44 (36.4)
Moderate	56 (46.3)
Severe	21 (17.4)
Days in ICU	16.0 (10.0–29.5)
Ventilator-free days	12.0 (7.0–21.0)
Death in hospital	33 (27.3)

Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range); categorical variables are presented as No.(%)
ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome, WBC white blood cell, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, No. of organ failures includes only non-pulmonary organ failures; ICU intensive care unit

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