Fig. 8
Effect of oral Ty21a immunization on terminal ileum multifunctional and single cytokine expressing S. Typhi-specific IEL CD4+CD103+ and CD4+CD103− TRM cell subsets. Net S. Typhi-specific IEL CD4+ TRM subsets responses elicited by S. Typhi-infected autologous targets were calculated using the FCOM function of WinList and stratified into multifunctional cells (MF) and single-positive cells (S). Comparison of TI IEL CD4+CD103+ and CD4+CD103− TRMS. Typhi-specific a INFγ+; b IL-17A+; c IL-2+, and d TNFα+ MF and S in Ty21a-vaccinated (n = 7; red symbols) and unvaccinated volunteers (n = 6; black symbols). Significant differences are shown (*p < 0.05). Horizontal bars (black and red) represent median values