Overexpression of a panel of cancer stem cell markers enhances the predictive capability of the progression and recurrence in the early stage cholangiocarcinoma

Table 10 Predictive risk of CCA recurrence in early stage patients using either the combination of soluble CSC markers, CD44, CD44v6, CD44v8-10 and EpCAM or the combination of soluble CSC markers with CA19-9

Comparative prediction	OR	p	OR	p
Comparative prediction	Crude	(95% CI)	Adjusted	(95% CI)
Post-operative recurrence
Levels of all markers ≥ cut-off^a
No^b (46)	1	0.004	1	0.006
Yes (14)	7.08	(1.867–26.870)	7.39	(1.760–31.071)
CA19-9 ≥ 37 U/mL + Levels of all markers ≥ cut-off
No + No and Yes + No and No + Yes (36)	1	0.005	1	0.011
Yes + Yes (9)	12.25	(2.114–70.986)	15.28	(1.879–124.320)

OR odds ratio, OR adjusted odds ratio adjusted for age and sex statistical analysis, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
^aLevels of all markers: levels of CD44, CD44v6, CD44v8-10 and EpCAM
^bNo: patients with at least one of marker lower than a designated cut-off

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