Table 3 The concentrations of amino acids and their metabolites in control and model groups

1

O-phospho-l-serine

P-Ser

C₃H₈NO₆P

7.53 ± 1.28

8.77 ± 0.56

9.18 ± 1.02

10.54 ± 0.8*

6.99 ± 0.72

7.82 ± 0.75

2

Taurine

Tau

C₂H₇NO₃S

89.4 ± 14.87

156.16 ± 29.23**

105.62 ± 12.52

185.32 ± 53.88*

63.45 ± 12.86

118.08 ± 10.4**

3

Urea

Urea

CH₄N₂O

1993.58 ± 280.6

3181.64 ± 501.01**

2270.86 ± 249.24

2875.2 ± 296.76**

1443.99 ± 181.69

2733.1 ± 669.73**

4

Aspartic acid

Asp

C₄H₇NO₄

2.83 ± 0.97

6.48 ± 6.84

4.74 ± 1.03

15.07 ± 8.03**

3.76 ± 1.17

8.39 ± 0.59**

5

l-Threonine

Thr

C₄H₉NO₃

109.36 ± 26.32

148.87 ± 2.96**

121.97 ± 25.43

155.03 ± 8.01*

71.35 ± 10.6

116.6 ± 8.37**

6

Serine

Ser

C₃H₇NO₃

95.47 ± 23.79

144.88 ± 16.41**

123.28 ± 24.26

170.17 ± 5.26**

74.35 ± 9.42

140.79 ± 24.99**

7

Glycine

Gly

C₂H₅NO₂

91.39 ± 25.25

138.56 ± 27.34*

108.99 ± 14.9

140.77 ± 9.84**

66.44 ± 7.16

132.32 ± 13.29**

8

beta-Alanine

Ala

C₃H₇NO₂

121.32 ± 23.3

174.18 ± 27.67**

187.86 ± 38.23

234.73 ± 15.76*

125.61 ± 23.49

157.25 ± 19.44*

9

l(+)-Citrulline

Cit

C₆H₁₃N₃O₃

50.63 ± 9.99

47.95 ± 7.57

57.64 ± 10.22

71.43 ± 9.61*

36.84 ± 7.03

45.7 ± 5.67*

10

Valine

Val

C₅H₁₁NO₂

79.59 ± 13.24

140.78 ± 12.19**

104.48 ± 14.53

139.69 ± 12.85**

61.31 ± 7.34

106.94 ± 7.88**

11

Cystathionine

Cys

C₇H₁₄N₂O₄S

38.01 ± 11.12

50.41 ± 15.56

35.16 ± 8.65

47.93 ± 8.13*

31.54 ± 4.04

46.81 ± 7.8**

12

l-Methionine

Met

C₅H₁₁NO₂S

31.49 ± 6.36

47.75 ± 3.05*

39 ± 5.84

51.01 ± 2.63**

23.03 ± 2.68

40.86 ± 3.06**

13

Isoleucine

Ile

C₆H₁₃NO₂

36.31 ± 6.4

69.89 ± 9.12**

51.01 ± 8.3

65.38 ± 5.87*

28.68 ± 3.79

49.32 ± 3.52**

14

Leucine

Leu

C₆H₁₃NO₂

66.86 ± 13.04

123.81 ± 8.72**

96.98 ± 14.18

126.69 ± 10.73**

52.23 ± 7.05

97.77 ± 8.24**

15

Tyrosine

Tyr

C₉H₁₁NO₃

48.99 ± 10.45

86.63 ± 7.77**

61.85 ± 8.01

93.72 ± 8.26**

30.17 ± 6.36

59.57 ± 2.58**

16

Phenylalanine

Phe

C₉H₁₁NO₂

40.07 ± 10.71

55.39 ± 4.23*

54.47 ± 7.87

54.33 ± 3.16

32.52 ± 2.66

45.65 ± 2.73**

17

Ethanolamine

EOHNH2

C₂H₇NO

31.14 ± 6.25

37.51 ± 2.25

36 ± 4.9

37.75 ± 1.73

19.6 ± 3.6

30.29 ± 3.43**

18

Ammonia

NH3

NH₃

21.31 ± 4.22

20.96 ± 1.28

31.9 ± 2.25

22.71 ± 1.07**

14.58 ± 2.7

20.99 ± 6.01*

19

l-Ornithine

Orn

C₅H₁₂N₂O₂

25.2 ± 7.31

55.59 ± 26.48

49.03 ± 16.49

69.61 ± 24.31

26.53 ± 7.93

46.35 ± 13.06*

20

l-Lysine

Lys

C₆H₁₄N₂O₂

177.08 ± 49.69

242.23 ± 34.89*

302.61 ± 69.01

312.84 ± 21.66

175.9 ± 25.65

224.72 ± 18.64**

21

l-Histidine

His

C₆H₉N₃O₂

39.06 ± 11.15

73.36 ± 5.81**

58.14 ± 12.38

92.04 ± 5.41**

33.11 ± 3.24

69.15 ± 9.37**

22

Arginine

Arg

C₆H₁₄N₄O₂

87.69 ± 29.44

130.39 ± 34.45

143.46 ± 47.1

228.83 ± 45.41*

83.09 ± 22.36

159.51 ± 18.75**

23

4-Hydroxy-l-proline

Hypro

C₅H₉NO₃

17.3 ± 4.86

21.81 ± 3.51

23.53 ± 4.75

31.29 ± 1.5*

28.78 ± 4.75

26.8 ± 2.1

24

Proline

Pro

C₅H₉NO₂

123.73 ± 24

134.37 ± 35.81

142.67 ± 31.36

179.19 ± 13.8*

135.99 ± 29.41

120.27 ± 22.2

1

O-phospho-l-serine

P-Ser

C₃H₈NO₆P

6.09 ± 0.4

7.57 ± 0.29**

7.49 ± 0.9

9.06 ± 0.76*

7.7 ± 1.33

7.68 ± 0.51

2

Taurine

Tau

C₂H₇NO₃S

52.71 ± 7.5

95.58 ± 29.03*

75.61 ± 19.82

191.56 ± 56.4**

88.45 ± 37.02

136.85 ± 22.83*

3

Urea

Urea

CH₄N₂O

1643.64 ± 257.53

2518.04 ± 233

2507.3 ± 462.32

3523.42 ± 675.16*

2393.68 ± 230.25

2892.78 ± 216.13*

4

Aspartic acid

Asp

C₄H₇NO₄

2.37 ± 0.86

4.04 ± 4

3.51 ± 0.74

5.99 ± 5.02

3.72 ± 1.48

9.11 ± 2.46*

5

l-Threonine

Thr

C₄H₉NO₃

68.13 ± 8.72

134.55 ± 15.87**

133.06 ± 23.01

193.15 ± 32.08**

133.96 ± 26.15

144.05 ± 15.28

6

Serine

Ser

C₃H₇NO₃

68.98 ± 9.34

136.75 ± 17.07**

117.15 ± 23.54

172.09 ± 18.44**

108.03 ± 10.88

130.9 ± 6.82**

7

Glycine

Gly

C₂H₅NO₂

66.05 ± 8.43

127.28 ± 25.53**

114.36 ± 17.37

146.73 ± 12.3**

106.06 ± 14.38

125.89 ± 6.29*

8

beta-Alanine

Ala

C₃H₇NO₂

93.75 ± 20.84

131.79 ± 10.98**

143.49 ± 30.66

189.73 ± 41.22

151.78 ± 58.34

152.69 ± 17

9

l(+)-Citrulline

Cit

C₆H₁₃N₃O₃

40.17 ± 7.29

55.04 ± 11.06**

68.99 ± 11.24

71.19 ± 9.41

69.23 ± 14.81

52.05 ± 8.39*

10

Valine

Val

C₅H₁₁NO₂

52.87 ± 5.59

106.9 ± 3.65**

89.59 ± 15.55

151.47 ± 7.11**

91.22 ± 18.03

123.81 ± 18.32*

11

Cystathionine

Cys

C₇H₁₄N₂O₄S

34.76 ± 4.3

11.07 ± 1.72**

50.9 ± 16.54

57.42 ± 12.81

34.06 ± 16.77

45.99 ± 9.01

12

l-Methionine

Met

C₅H₁₁NO₂S

22.91 ± 2.73

40.5 ± 2.83**

38.06 ± 8.22

56.63 ± 6.95**

38.56 ± 8.62

42.59 ± 2.62

13

Isoleucine

Ile

C₆H₁₃NO₂

22.89 ± 3.29

48.25 ± 2.12**

40.26 ± 9.27

73.56 ± 3.86**

38.95 ± 8.6

59.34 ± 11.08**

14

Leucine

Leu

C₆H₁₃NO₂

41.1 ± 6

91.79 ± 3.38**

75.7 ± 15.17

135.66 ± 7.29**

74.04 ± 17.26

109.66 ± 18.72**

15

Tyrosine

Tyr

C₉H₁₁NO₃

25.66 ± 3.98

46.96 ± 9.19**

41.95 ± 7.72

67.78 ± 6.33**

51.25 ± 22.26

68.33 ± 12.43

16

Phenylalanine

Phe

C₉H₁₁NO₂

31.4 ± 2.43

48.76 ± 2.51**

50.56 ± 7.6

65.59 ± 6.27**

50.68 ± 14.25

51.38 ± 4.87

17

Ethanolamine

EOHNH2

C₂H₇NO

19.3 ± 4.73

37.32 ± 3.23**

34.33 ± 3.76

43.61 ± 9.42

37.24 ± 9.26

37.71 ± 2.92

18

Ammonia

NH3

NH₃

19.28 ± 13.34

21.92 ± 0.9

28.19 ± 1.57

27.45 ± 2.43

28.29 ± 1.48

23.15 ± 1.32**

19

l-Ornithine

Orn

C₅H₁₂N₂O₂

23.43 ± 5.09

42.01 ± 6.8**

37.49 ± 13.02

59.26 ± 10.63*

35.61 ± 11.29

49.12 ± 14.99

20

l-Lysine

Lys

C₆H₁₄N₂O₂

155.67 ± 22.76

179.67 ± 21.54

221.42 ± 29.33

243.95 ± 14.51

221.59 ± 63.78

180.88 ± 9.13

21

l-Histidine

His

C₆H₉N₃O₂

31.39 ± 2.34

64.71 ± 2.26**

54.53 ± 9.43

87.35 ± 9.32**

55.3 ± 13.83

66.53 ± 6.2

22

Arginine

Arg

C₆H₁₄N₄O₂

74.32 ± 16.8

130.84 ± 12.62**

86.02 ± 15.09

151.18 ± 23.29**

90.94 ± 39.81

117.64 ± 9.45

23

4-Hydroxy-l-proline

Hypro

C₅H₉NO₃

30.73 ± 4.26

21.38 ± 6.01*

26.25 ± 6.19

24.48 ± 4.15

23.97 ± 4.23

18.92 ± 2.65*

24

Proline

Pro

C₅H₉NO₂

132.18 ± 19.35

139.03 ± 19.59

175.92 ± 43.29

190.65 ± 44.34

175.39 ± 43.84

118.41 ± 22.13*