Fig. 3

Differential expression of circRNAs in UC and OSC. a Hierarchical clustering analysis of circRNAs that were differentially expressed between OSC and UC samples; each group contains three individuals (greater than two-fold difference in expression; p < 0.05). Expression values are represented in different colors, indicating expression levels above and below the median expression level across all samples. b The scatter plot is a visualization method used for assessing the variation in circRNA expression between OSC and UC. The values corresponding to the X- and Y-axes in the scatter plot are the normalized signal values of the samples (log₂ scaled). The green lines indicate fold changes. The circRNAs above the top green line and below the green bottom line indicate more than twofold changes between OSC and UC samples. c Volcano plots were constructed using fold-change values and p-values. The vertical lines correspond to twofold up- and down-regulation between OSC and UC, and the horizontal line represents a p-value. The red point in the plot represents the differentially expressed circRNAs with statistical significance (OSC: hDPSCs treated by 0.2 mM H₂O₂ for 24 h. UC: untreated hDPSCs). d Classification of dysregulated circRNAs