Table 1 Pathological functions of MMPs associated with collagen in cancer

MMP-1

COLI

Regulated to facilitate melanoma cell growth and invasion

[227, 228]

COLIV

Regulated to foster breast cancer cell invasion in response to prolactin

[229]

MMP-2

COLI

Modulating MMP-2 activation in osteosarcoma

[230]

COL4A2

Modulating MMP-2 activation and activity in liver cancer

[231]

COLI and COLIV

Regulated by the knockdown of MMP-2 to induce cancer metastases

[232, 233]

Collagen organization

Regulated to enhance malignant glioma recurrence and resistance to vemurafenib

[234, 235]

MMP-3

COLI

Regulated to induce mammary epithelial cells invasion and morphogenesis with chaperone heat-shock protein 90

[236]

COL11A1

Regulated to promote ovarian cancer progression

[237]

MMP-7

COLI

Both to predict the prognosis of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma

[238]

MMP-9

COLI

Degraded in invasive melanoma fronts

[239]

COLI

Potentiated in Opisthorchis viverrini-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis

[240]

COLIV

Degraded to facilitate venous invasion in PDAC

[241]

MMP-10

COLI

Regulated by TGF-β in keratinocytes to promote invasion

[242]

MMP-14

COLI

Increased to promote fibrosis by TGF-β signaling in PDAC

[243]

COLI

Modulating MMP-2 and MMP-14 activation via β1 integrin

[244]

COLI

Regulated to prevent apoptosis to promote luminal-like breast cancer progression

[245]

COLI

Sustained activation of MMP-14 with EGFR at the cell surface enhances invasion, whereas growth within three-dimensional collagen is inhibited

[246]

MMP-16

COLI

Supported around melanoma cells to enhance lymphatic invasion

[247]

MMP-28

COLII

interacted to more adhesion and less migratory

[248]