Table 1 Alterations of microbiome in healthy smokers
From: Smoking and microbiome in oral, airway, gut and some systemic diseases
| Â | Reference | Origin | Sample | Enriched microbes | Depleted microbes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oral | [37] | Human | Subgingival plaque | Species: Fusobacterium nucleatum, F. naviforme, Filifactor alocis, Dialister microaerophilus, Desulfobulbus sp. clone R004, Megasphaera sueciensis, M. geminatus, M. elsdenii, M. micronuciformis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, A. guillouiae, A. schindleri, A. baumannii, A. haemolyticus, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus | Species: Streptococcus sanguinis, S. parasanguinis, S. oralis, Granulicatella elegans, G. adiacens, Actinomyces viscosus, A. israelii, A. dentalis, Neisseria subflava, Hemophilus parainfluenzae |
[191] | Human | Oral wash samples | Genera: Atopobium, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus | Â | |
[192] | Human | Mouth wash sample | Phylum: Spirochaetes, Synergistetes and Tenericutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria Genera: Treponema, TG5 and Mycoplasma, Megasphaera, Dialister, Paludibacter, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Atopobium | Phylum: Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, SR1, GN02 and Cyanobacteria Genera: Neisseria, Eikenella, Aggregatibacter, Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Lautropia, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia | |
Airway | [193] | Human | Nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swabs | Oropharynx Genera: Megasphaera, Veillonella spp. Nasopharynx Genera: Eggerthella, Erysipelotrichaceae I.S., Dorea, Anaerovorax, Eubacterium spp. | Oropharynx Genera: Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Neisseria spp. Nasopharynx Genera: Shigella spp. |
[194] | Mice | Lung sample | Genera: Trichococcus, Escherichia–Shigella, Oxalobacteraceae | Genera: Oceanospirillales, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacter, Acidimicrobiales_norank, Caulobacteraceae_ Phyllobacteriaceae_uncultured, Raoultella, Caulobacteraceae_unclassified | |
[88] | Human | BALF | Virome: Prevotella, Xanthomonas, Actinomyces, Aeromonas, Capnocytophaga, Haemophilus and Rhodoferax phages | Virome: Lactobacillus, Gardnerella phages, Enhydrobacter, Enterobacter, Holospora, Morganella, Enhydrobacter, and Spiroplasma phages | |
Gut | [124] | Rat | Caecal contents | Not reported | Genera: Bifidobacterium sp. |
[125] | Mice | Caecal contents | Genera: Clostridium sp. | Genera: Lactococcus sp., Ruminococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae sp. and segmented filamentous bacteria | |
[175] | Mice | Colonic sample | Genera: Lachnospiraceae sp. | Not reported |