Table 1 General characteristics of the sample grouped by birth weight and type of infant feeding
Variable (mean ± SD) | AGA (n = 21) | SGA (n = 19) | ANOVA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BF (n = 8) | FF (n = 13) | BF (n = 10) | FF (n = 9) | ||
Subjects (total%) | 20.0 | 32.5 | 25.0 | 22.5 | |
Sex m/f | 5/3 | 8/5 | 3/7 | 5/4 | |
At birth | |||||
Weight (g) | 3439 ± 236 | 3335 ± 330 | 2390 ± 248w | 2401 ± 225w | W (P < 0.001) |
Height (cm) | 51.0 ± 2.5 | 50.0 ± 2.0 | 46.0 ± 1.2w | 46.5 ± 2.2bw | W (P < 0.001) |
SBP (mmHg) | 78 ± 9 | 69 ± 8f | 66 ± 10bw | 68 ± 10 | W (P = 0.041) |
DBP (mmHg) | 45 ± 7 | 42 ± 9 | 40 ± 10 | 37 ± 8 | ns |
HR (bpm) | 124 ± 8 | 126 ± 19 | 122 ± 21 | 129 ± 14 | ns |
At 5 year old (mean age) | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | ns |
Weight (kg) | 23.0 ± 6.2 | 21.3 ± 4.2 | 20.0 ± 3.4 | 20.2 ± 3.2 | ns |
Height (cm) | 112 ± 9 | 112 ± 6 | 110 ± 5 | 112 ± 5 | ns |
BMI (kg/m2) | 18.0 ± 2.3 | 16.9 ± 3.0 | 16.4 ± 2.2 | 15.9 ± 1.8 | ns |
BMI percentile | 86 ± 14 | 65 ± 35 | 64 ± 33w | 58 ± 27 | ns |
BMI-Z score | 1.59 ± 1.12 | 0.86 ± 1.86 | 0.65 ± 1.28w | 0.36 ± 1.02 | ns |
SBP (mmHg) | 97 ± 5 | 91 ± 7 | 96 ± 7 | 95 ± 10 | ns |
DBP (mmHg) | 53 ± 5 | 54 ± 5 | 58 ± 4 | 56 ± 11 | ns |
HR (bpm) | 96 ± 6 | 88 ± 29 | 99 ± 13 | 95 ± 8 | ns |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 83 ± 5 | 81 ± 5 | 81 ± 6 | 76 ± 12 | ns |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.05 ± 0.89 | 3.20 ± 0.67f | 3.60 ± 0.57 | 3.90 ± 1.02w | W*F (P = 0.028) |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.30 ± 0.40 | 0.33 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | ns |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 73 ± 18 | 59 ± 14 | 74 ± 47 | 60 ± 6 | ns |
Total cholest. (mg/dL) | 166 ± 28 | 174 ± 20 | 170 ± 33 | 162 ± 23 | ns |
HDL cholest. (mg/dL) | 46 ± 8 | 59 ± 11f | 60 ± 16w | 51 ± 9 | W*F (P = 0.006) |
LDL cholest. (mg/dL) | 106 ± 26 | 104 ± 20 | 96 ± 27 | 102 ± 18 | ns |
Insulin (µIU/mL) | 5.88 ± 1.68 | 4.24 ± 2.25 | 6.75 ± 3.71 | 4.06 ± 2.25 | F (P = 0.017) |
HOMA-index | 1.21 ± 0.39 | 0.85 ± 0.47 | 1.31 ± 0.66 | 0.78 ± 0.44 | F (P = 0.012) |