Fig. 4
Effect of canagliflozin treatment on apoptotic and oxidative stress markers. a mRNA expression of Bax normalized to that of Bcl-2. Protein expression analysis depicts representative blots and quantification of Bax expression normalized to that of Bcl-2. b mRNA expression analysis of p47phox, SOD2 and catalase normalized to the housekeeping RPL27, respectively. c Quantification and representative sections of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) staining of the LV. The number of rats in each experimental group: sham + vehicle (n = 7); sham + canagliflozin (n = 7); IRI + vehicle (n = 9); IRI + canagliflozin (n = 10). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) P values (with factors: ischemia–reperfusion injury [PIRI] and canagliflozin treatment [PCANA]; and their interaction [Pint]) are depicted under the title of each graph for the given variable. Tukey’s post hoc P values are reported as follows: *P < 0.05 versus sham + vehicle; $P < 0.05 versus IRI + vehicle. Bax = B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 associated protein x; Bcl2 B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, p47phox the 47 kDa subunit of the multiprotein complex nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, SOD2 superoxide dismutase-2