Fig. 2

KA supplemented with LPD improved IR induced interstitial fibrosis. a–f Pathological staining Sirius red (red), myofibroblast marker α-SMA (red) and collagen I (red) staining presented increased interstitial myofibroblast and collagen deposition in IR + Nacl group. KA improved both myofibroblasts and collagen. Renal interstitial fibrosis was improved in IR + KA group. g, h The detections of fibrosis related factors: PDGFR-β, fibronectin, collagen I and TGF-β showed KA had an improved effect on IR induced renal fibrosis in protein and/or RNA levels. Scale bar: 50 μm. Data were presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (unpaired nonparametric t-test); n = 3–5/group