Fig. 1
Hypersensitivity of blood immune cells to pro-inflammatory stimulation in patients with ACLF. a ROS production in monocytes and neutrophils from HC (n = 18), CHB (n = 22) and ACLF (n = 13) was determined after whole blood was stimulated with PMA (50 ng/ml) or E. coli(8.04*107cfu/ml) for 30 min in vitro. b Intracellular IL10 and IFN-γ in PBMCs isolated from HC (n = 18), CHB (n = 12) and ACLF (n = 13) were analyzed after PBMCs were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for 72 h. c TLR4 expression on monocytes and neutrophils was determined in HC (n = 12), CHB (n = 9) and ACLF (n = 13). All experiments were performed by flow cytometry. The horizontal line represented the median, and statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, not statistically significant