Table 1 Comparison of biochemical parameter concentrations tested in pHPL, pHPLS and FBS, standard human blood values (pHPL vs. pHPLS: ^###p < 0.001; pHPL or pHPLS vs. FBS: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001) as well as basic α-MEM and α-MEM supplemented with 10% pHPL, pHPLs and mcpHPL or 16.5% FBS (pHPL-media vs. FBS-medium: ⁺p < 0.05, ⁺⁺p < 0.01 and ⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001)

pH

7.4 ± 0.1***

7.7 ± 0.1

7.4–7.5

7.6

7.8 ± 0.0

7.8 ± 0.0

7.8 ± 0.0

7.6 ± 0.0

Osmolality (mosmol/kg)

337 ± 6***

307 ± 0

280–300

293

290 ± 8⁺

297 ± 4

294 ± 2

299 ± 6

Total Protein [g/dL]

6.0 ± 0.2***

3.8 ± 0.1

6.5–8.5

n.d.

0.7 ± 0.1⁺⁺⁺

0.7 ± 0.0⁺⁺⁺

0.7 ± 0.1⁺⁺⁺

0.3 ± 0.1

Albumin [g/dL]

4.0 ± 0.2***

2.4 ± 0.1

3.5–5.5

n.d.

0.2 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

Glucose [mg/dL]

290 ± 10***

129 ± 8

70–100

103

113 ± 3⁺⁺

115 ± 2⁺⁺

114 ± 3⁺⁺

103 ± 4

Fibrinogen [mg/dL]

< 30

< 30

200–400

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

Triglyceride [mg/dL]

78 ± 7

75 ± 2

75–200

n.d.

7.4 ± 0.4

8.5 ± 0.5

9.3 ± 2.5

14 ± 6.0

Cholesterol [mg/dL]

159 ± 6***

37 ± 2

120–250

10.0

17 ± 4

19 ± 4

17 ± 4

9 ± 3.0

Na⁺ [mmol/L]

171 ± 2***

138 ± 2

135–148

148

142 ± 6

145 ± 3

143 ± 3

143 ± 0

K⁺ [mmol/L]

4.6 ± 0.1***

11.9 ± 0.4

3.6–5.0

5.5

5.2 ± 0.2⁺⁺⁺

5.3 ± 0.1⁺⁺⁺

5.2 ± 0.1⁺⁺⁺

6.3 ± 0.3

Cl⁻ [mmol/L]

93 ± 3

93 ± 1

97–108

126

113 ± 5

118 ± 3

115 ± 2

119 ± 1

Ca²⁺ [mmol/L]

13.8 ± 1.7***

3.7 ± 0.1

2.1–2.6

2.0

1.8 ± 0.1⁺

2.9 ± 0.1⁺⁺⁺

1.8 ± 0.1⁺

2.1 ± 0.1

Mg²⁺ [mmol/L]

1.3 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.0

0.8–1.0

1.0

0.8 ± 0.0

0.8 ± 0.0

0.8 ± 0.0

0.9 ± 0.0

Fe³⁺ [mmol/L]

76 ± 8***

184 ± 2

60–150

n.d.

8.0 ± 0.0⁺⁺

7.7 ± 1.2⁺⁺

8.0 ± 1.0⁺⁺

25 ± 8