Fig. 1

Differential expression of PBMC mRNAs between SLE patients and healthy controls in the exploratory cohort. a Volcano plot of differentially expressed mRNAs. The blue spots indicate significantly downregulated mRNAs, and the red spots indicate significantly upregulated mRNAs. b Hierarchical clustering of the differentially expressed mRNAs. Blue represents relatively lowly expressed mRNAs, and red represents relatively highly expressed mRNAs. c Gene ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs. Red indicates molecular function (MF), green indicates cellular component (CC), and blue indicates biological process (BP). d Pathways of differentially expressed mRNAs. The vertical axis indicates the pathway term, and the horizontal axis indicates the richness factor. The size of the spots represents the number of differentially expressed mRNAs, and the color of the spots represents Q-values ranging from 0 to 1 (the smaller the Q-value, the more significantly enriched the target genes)