Open innovation and external sources of innovation. An opportunity to fuel the R&D pipeline and enhance decision making?

Table 1 Examples of crowdsourcing in the pharma industry

Type of crowdsourcing	Example	Owner	Topics
Mining crowd data	Open FDA	FDA	Access to publicly available FDA data
Web search logs	Google trends	Google	Statistical analyses on health topics
Smart phone applications	Flumoji	GSK	Track flu outbreaks
Active crowdsourcing (pharma-specific platform)	Grants4Apps	Bayer	Electronic health
	Grants4Leads	Bayer	Drug discovery in animal health
	Grants4Targets	Bayer	Target proposals
	Open innovation drug discovery	Eli Lilly	Drug discovery Molecular modelling In vitro screening Drug discovery in animal health Compound proposals and synthesis NTD research
	Open innovation platform	AstraZeneca	Drug discovery Target proposals Data mining Chemoinformatics Preclinical and clinical translational research

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