Fig. 4

Decision curve analysis for the 5-year survival predictions. In the decision curve analysis, the y-axis indicates net benefit, calculated by summing the benefits (true positives) and subtracting the harms (false positives). The nomogram model (black dotted line) had the highest net benefit compared with the TNM staging system (red dotted line). The straight line represents the assumption that all the patients will die, and the horizontal line represents the assumption that none of the patients will die