Fig. 3

Relationships between genes from COPD specific modules (disease effects) and previous experimental data. a The relationships between S100A1, from the Ca²⁺ dependent binding module, and VO₂max. The two groups, healthy subjects (blue circles) and COPD patients (low and normal FFMI, empty and filled squares, respectively) fell on the same regression line (R = 0.52, P = 0.006, FDR = 0.026). b The relationships between SMURF1 from the TGF-β signaling module and skeletal muscle nitrosative stress. A statistical significant correlation was seen in the COPD group, both normal and low FFMI (R = − 0.67, P = 0.018 and FDR = 0.07), but not in healthy subjects (R = − 0.2, P = 0.55)