The prognostic value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of survival outcomes of 123 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Variables	Overall survival (OS)		Progression-free survival (PFS)		Locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFFS)		Distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS)
Variables	HR (95% CI)^a	P value	HR (95% CI)^a	P value	HR (95% CI)^a	P value	HR (95% CI)^a	P value
Age
≤ 60							Ref
> 60							2.510 (1.376–4.580)	0.003
Primary tumor site
Pyriform sinus	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Posterior wall/postcricoid	2.590 (1.252–5.358)	0.010	2.328 (1.224–4.426)	0.010	2.608 (1.163–5.851)	0.020	2.914 (1.296–6.553)	0.010
pT classification^b
T1–T2			Ref		Ref
T3–T4			1.842 (1.115–3.042)	0.005	3.063 (1.559–6.015)	0.001
pN classification^b
N0							Ref
N1–N3							2.519 (0.335–18.963)	0.370
pTNM staging^b
I–II							Ref
III–IV							1.126 (0.151–8.402)	0.908
No. of metastatic LN
≤ 3							Ref
> 3							1.497 (0.731–3.066)	0.269
LND
≤ 0.06	Ref		Ref				Ref
> 0.06	1.959 (0.959–2.974)	0.070	1.971 (1.201–3.237)	0.007			2.430 (1.206–4.896)	0.013
ECS of LN
Negative	Ref						Ref
Positive	1.670 (0.866–3.222)	0.126					1.326 (0.665–2.647)	0.423
Surgical margin
Negative	Ref		Ref		Ref
Positive	2.842 (1.080–7.482)	0.034	1.790 (0.767–4.179)	0.178	3.455 (1.253–9.526)	0.017
PNI
> 52.0	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
≤ 52.0	3.842 (1.963–7.518)	0.000	2.401 (1.419–4.061)	0.001	2.958 (1.388–6.307)	0.005	2.133 (1.154–3.943)	0.016

Italic values indicate significance of p value (p < 0.05)
CI, confidence interval; ECS, extracapsular spread; HR, hazard ratio; LN, lymph node; LND, lymph node density; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; pT classification, pathological tumor classification; pN classification, pathological nodal classification; Ref, reference; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis
^aCox proportional hazards model. Bolding shows P value < 0.05
^bTumor-node-metastasis staging system proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (7th edition)

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