Fig. 4

HPG induces less VEGF production, less myofibroblast differentiation and lower macrophage activation. The expression of VEGF, α-SMA and MAC387 in the peritoneal tissue sections was examined using a routine immunohistochemical method. Data were a typical microscopic view of the peritoneal tissue sections in each group. a VEGF was detected using mouse monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody from Novus. Left graph a typical microscopic view, Dark brown stain VEGF-expressing cells (pointed by red arrows), Bv blood vessels, M muscle, black small bar 10 µm. Right graph VEGF-expressing cells per 200 μm PM length in cross sections. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 6) and were analyzed using t test. b α-SMA (a myofibroblast marker) was detected using mouse monoclonal anti-α-SMA antibody from Sigma-Aldrich. Left graph a typical microscopic view, Dark brown stain α-SMA-expressing cells or myofibroblasts (pointed by red arrows), Bv blood vessels, M muscle, black small bar 10 µm. Right graph α-SMA-expressing cells per 200 μm PM length in cross sections. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 6) and were analyzed using t test. c Macrophages were detected using mouse monoclonal anti-MAC387 antibody from Santa Cruz Biotech. Left graph a typical microscopic view, Dark brown stain MAC387-expressing cells or macrophages (pointed by red arrows), M muscle, black small bar 10 µm. Right graph MAC387-expressing cells per 200 μm PM length in cross sections. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 6) and were analyzed using t test