Fig. 2
From: Recent advances in bioprinting techniques: approaches, applications and future prospects
Common types of bioprinting methods. a Thermal inkjet-based bioprinting technology utilizes an electric current pulse that impulses the thin film resistor, then generates bubbles that create a pressure pulse that propels the ink droplet onto the substrates. b A piezoelectric transducer creates a pulse that creates transient pressure, resulting in droplet ejection. c Pressure-assisted bioprinting uses solutions, pastes, or dispersions as biomaterials, which are extruded by pressure in the form of a continuous filament through a microscale nozzle orifice or a microneedle. d Laser-associated bioprinting consists of three parts: a pulsed laser source, a ribbon and a receiving substrate. The lasers irradiate the ribbon, causing the liquid biological materials to evaporate and reach the receiving substrate in droplet form