Fig. 1

Patient plasma levels of mannose-binding lectin, properdin, C3d and C5b-9 before, after and relative change during hemodialysis. The distribution of plasma mannose-binding lectin (MBL) (a), properdin (c), C3d (e) and sC5b-9 (g) levels in healthy controls and hemodialysis (HD) patients at the start and end of the HD session. Horizontal lines indicate the median. The ratio for MBL (b), properdin (d), C3d (f) and sC5b-9 (h) was calculated per patient by dividing the pre-HD level by the post-HD level. Horizontal lines indicate the mean. A post/pre-HD ratio higher than 1, indicates an increase in concentration during HD. Differences between healthy controls and HD patients were assessed with the Mann–Whitney-U test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare values before and after HD. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)