Fig. 8

Mechanisms of SF and BP combined with BMSC administration on angiogenesis and neurogenesis following stroke. The effective mechanisms of the combination treatment on angiogenesis and neurogenesis not only include up-regulating VEGF and BDNF-AKT/mTOR signals by SF + BP, as well as BMSC treatments respectively, but also associate with the enhancement of BMSC derived-VEGF and BDNF expressions by SF + BP and subsequently activating AKT/mTOR pathway in cerebral parenchymal cells. Moreover, triggering BMSC paracrine function further improves the additive effects of the combination treatment on angiogenesis and neurogenesis after ischemia