Fig. 5
Comparison of various adjuvants for antibody induction. a, b The kinetics of appearance of IgG and IgG subclasses after immunization with Pd-vaccine mixed with various adjuvants and given through subcutaneous routes. c Comparative fecal IgG levels induced after final vaccination. d, e The respective serum and fecal IgA levels induced after vaccination with Pd combined with different adjuvants. P values were calculated by the paired Student’s t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. The error bars represent the standard error of mean (SEM)