Fig. 1

Th17 cells increase with reduced Th1 cells in freshly isolated PBMCs and BMMCs from patients with B-ALL. a PBMCs and BMMCs were separated and stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for 5 h in the presence of brefeldin A and subsequently stained with antibodies against CD3, CD8, intracellular IL-17A or IFN-γ. Flow cytometric analysis was used to determine the Th17 and Th1 cell frequencies. Representative dot plots using matching peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from B-ALL patients and healthy donors (HD) were shown. b Statistical data for frequencies of Th17 and Th1 cells within CD4⁺ T population were shown. c Total RNA was extracted from CD4⁺ T cells isolated from B-ALL patients and HDs and reverse transcribed into cDNA and subsequently determined for IL-17A and IFN-γ mRNA expression using quantitative PCR. d The frequencies of Th17 cells were significantly decreased in BM when B-ALL patients achieved complete remission (CR). e CD4⁺ T cells were cultured with or without Nalm-6 cells for 14 days in the presence of OKT3 plus IL-2 (300 units/ml). Then, frequencies of Th17 cells were determined after stimulation with PMA plus ionomycin