Longitudinal brain structural alterations and systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea before and after surgical treatment

Table 3 Regions of GMV difference between pre- and post-operative scans of the patients and controls, and pre- and post-operative longitudinal changes in the OSA group

MNI atlas coordinates			Cluster size	Anatomical region	Brodmann area	t-score
x	Y	z	Cluster size	Anatomical region	Brodmann area	t-score
Regional GMV decrease in OSA_baseline vs. NC
−4	28	19	456	Left Anterior Cingulate Gyrus	24	3.41
Regional GMV increase in OSA_baseline vs. NC
40	−7	−6	612	Right Insula	13	2.99
Regional GMV decrease in OSA_follow vs. NC
−4	28	19	663	Left Anterior Cingulate Gyrus	24	3.65
Regional GMV decrease in OSA_follow vs. OSA_baseline
−24	−37	4	1047	Left Hippocampus (Hipp)	30	5.23
−7	−52	28		Left Posterior Cingulate Gyrus (PCG)	31	3.63
−24	−51	17		Left Precuneus	30	3.55
−49	4	−1	1566	Left Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG)	22	4.48
−42	29	−2		Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG)	47	3.86
−27	25	−3		Left Insula	13	3.61
Regional GMV increase in OSA_follow vs. OSA_baseline
−15	−81	−27	1254	Left Cerebellum	–	4.18

Gray matter volume (GMV) differences between groups are described in terms of MNI coordinates, voxel extent, brain side, and corresponding anatomical regions. The t-score of the voxel with the strongest group effect in a given cluster is also listed. The statistical criteria of the VBM results were set as a cluster level FWE corrected p < 0.05 (using a Monte Carlo simulation to correct the multiple comparison problem)
FWE family wised error; Lt left side; MNI Montreal Neurological Institute; Rt right side; VBM voxel-based morphometry