Fig. 2

miRNA-1233. a microRNA (miRNA) array screening. We randomly selected 16 out of 30 pulmonary embolism (PE) patients and screened their sera from the acute (1st day) and chronic stage (9 months) for 754 miRNAs. The 37 most differentially expressed miRNAs (nominal P value ≤ 0.05) were displayed. miRNA-1233 (red dot) displayed the highest fold change on the 1st day (log₂FC 11.5 on 1st day vs. 9 months, p < 0.004) and was consequently subjected to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation. b miRNA RT-qPCR validation. Serum miRNA-1233 levels during the time course of acute PE (1st day: presentation at the emergency department, 3rd and 5th day during the hospital stay (n = 30) and 9 ± 1.5 months thereafter (n = 22). Values represent relative levels with the “9 months” group set as 1 (mean ± SEM, **p < 0.01). c Serum miRNA-1233 levels from acute pulmonary embolism patients (APE, 1st day, n = 30) in comparison to patients with acute non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, n = 30), acute deep vein thrombosis without concomitant PE (DVT, n = 6), chronic non-thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PH, n = 15) and healthy individuals (n = 12). Values represent relative levels with the “healthy” group set as 1 (mean ± SEM, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). d Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for miRNA-1233 to discriminate acute PE (1st day) from acute NSTEMI (red line, area under the curve (AUC) 0.95, p < 0.001, sensitivity 90 % and specificity 100 %), acute DVT (blue line, AUC 0.99, p < 0.001, sensitivity 97 % and specificity 100 %), chronic PH (orange line, AUC 0.91, p < 0.001, sensitivity 90 % and specificity 93 %) and healthy individuals (green line, AUC 0.91, p < 0.001, sensitivity 90 % and specificity 92 %)