Table 1 History definitions for metabolic syndrome
From: Insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency and metabolic syndrome
Definitions | Insulin | Body weight | Blood pressure | Lipids | Glucose | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kylin (1923) | Hypertension | Hyperglycaemia | Gout | |||
Vague (1947) | Diabetes | Central obesity | Atherosclerosis | Gout | ||
EASD (1965) | Hyperglycaemia | Obesity | Hypertension | |||
Raeven (1988) “syndrome X” | Insulin resistance | Hypertension | High TG levels, low HDL-c | Glucose intolerance | ||
Kaplan (1989) “The Deadly Quartet” | Upper body obesity | Hypertension | Hypertriglyceridaemia | Glucose intolerance | ||
WHO (1998) | High insulin levels, IFG or IGT Plus any 2 of the following | Abdominal obesity: WHR >0.9 for men and >0.85 for women, BMI >30 kg/m2 | BP ≥160/90 mmHg | TG ≥150 mg/dL, and/or HDL-c <35 mg/dL in men, <39 in women | Microalbuminuria: urinary excretion rate >20 mg/min or albumin: creatinine ratio >30 mg/g | |
EGIR (1999) | Plasma insulin > 75th percentile Plus any 2 of the following | WC ≥94 cm for men and ≥80 for women | BP ≥140/90 mmHg or antihypertensive medication | TG ≥150 mg/dL and/or HDL-c <39 mg/dL in men or women | IGT or fasting glucose 6.1 mmol/L, but no diabetes | |
NCEP-ATPIII (2001) | None 3 or more of the following | WC ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women | BP ≥130/85 mmHg | TG ≥150 mg/dL or HDL-C <40 mg/dL for men, <50 mg/dL form women | FPG >110 mg/dL (includes diabetes) | |
AACE (2003) | IGT or IFG Plus 2 of the following | BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | BP ≥130/85 mmHg | TG ≥150 mg/dL and HDL-c <40 mg/dL for men, <50 for women | IGT or IFG (but no diabetes) | Other features of insulin resistancea |
IDF (2006) | None | Central obesity as defined by ethnic/racial Plus 2 of the following | BP ≥130 mmHg systolic or ≥85 mmHg diastolic, or under treatment | TG ≥150 mg/dL or under treatment, or HDL-c <40 mg/dL for men, <50 mg/dL for women | IFG ≥ 100 mg/dL (includes diabetes) | |
Harmonization definition (2009) | None 3 or more of the following | Enlarged WC according to population and country specific criteria | BP ≥130 mmHg systolic or ≥85 mmHg diastolic, or under treatment | TG ≥150 mg/dL and HDL-c <40 mg/dL for men, <50 for women, or under treatment | IFG ≥ 100 mg/dL, or under treatment |