Nutrition: a key environmental dietary factor in clinical severity and cardio-metabolic risk in psoriatic male patients evaluated by 7-day food-frequency questionnaire

Table 1 Socio-demographic, anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of psoriatic patients and control group

Parameters	Psoriatic patients n = 41	Control group n = 41	p values
Age (years)	52.1 ± 11.1	49.7 ± 10.0	0.309
BMI (kg/m²)	31.2 ± 4.4	30.1 ± 6.9	0.407
Education status			χ ² = 0.049 p = 0.825
Graduates (n)	20	22
Higher secondary (n)	21	19
Employment			χ ² = 1.384 p = 0.239
Un-employed (n)	3	0
Employed (n)	38	41
Marital status			χ ² = 0.139 p = 0.710
Single (n)	5	3
Married (n)	36	38
Physical activity			χ ² = 0.625 p = 0.429
Sedentary (n)	39	36
Moderate (n)	2	5
SBP (mmHg)	126.7 ± 15.0	116.6 ± 11.8	0.002
DBP (mmHg)	80.0 ± 9.7	71.3 ± 5.7	<0.001
WC (cm)	108.1 ± 13.8	102.6 ± 8.4	0.035
CRP levels (ng/ml)*	3.7 ± 6.4	0.8 ± 0.5	0.050
Fasting Glucose (mg/dl)	111.7 ± 34.2	87.9 ± 32.8	0.004
Insulin (μU/ml)	11.1 ± 6.2	7.4 ± 7.6	0.022
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	219.0 ± 44.5	199.2 ± 47.9	0.021
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	38.9 ± 11.8	45.3 ± 11.9	0.025
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	147.3 ± 49.0	124.4 ± 49.2	0.035
Triglycerides (mg/ml)	164.4 ± 93.5	127.4 ± 48.8	0.041
AST (U/l)	32.4 ± 15.5	31.9 ± 22.9	0.932
ALT (U/l)	37.3 ± 17.0	26.3 ± 12.0	0.007
γGT (U/l)	43.8 ± 23.8	31.3 ± 20.9	0.030
HoMA-IR*	3.4 ± 2.9	2.0 ± 3.3	0.001
VAI	5.4 (1.3–23.6)	4.1 (1.1–8.6)	0.049
FLI	76.1 ± 23.6	60.4 ± 26.9	0.009

The psoriatic patients exhibited statistically significant differences compared with controls for anthropometric measurements, metabolic profiles and cardio-metabolic indices. Results are expressed as mean ± SD or as median plus range according to variable distributions evaluated by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. *CRP levels and *HoMA-IR values were logarithmically transformed and back-transformed for presentation in table. Differences between groups were analyzed by paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, when appropriate. The Chi-square (χ ²) test was used to test the significance of differences between the two groups. Italicized p-values represent significant differences at p < 0.05
BMI Body Mass Index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, WC Waist Circumference, CRP C-reactive protein, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine transaminase, γGT γ-glutamyltransferase, HoMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, VAI Visceral Adiposity Index, FLI Fatty Liver Index, MetS Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1479-5876