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Table 4 Effect on Co-enzymes Q in liver, kidney, heart, brain and testes in absence (CdCl2) and presence of AEIA (AEIA + CdCl2) and AEEF (AEEF + CdCl2) in mice

From: The effects of two common edible herbs, Ipomoea aquatica and Enhydra fluctuans, on cadmium-induced pathophysiology: a focus on oxidative defence and anti-apoptotic mechanism

Parameters

Gr

Liver

Kidney

Heart

Brain

Testes

ROS production (nmol DCF/min/mg of protein)

I

28.65 ± 1.67

38.15 ± 2.24

28.15 ± 2.02

33.49 ± 2.23

31.49 ± 1.54

II

78.56 ± 3.92#

86.29 ± 3.48#

64.13 ± 3.69#

67.09 ± 5.12#

71.23 ± 4.28#

III

53.47 ± 2.67**

66.50 ± 4.54**

49.95 ± 3.15*

50.21 ± 3.85*

52.15 ± 3.94**

IV

59.33 ± 3.45**

71.18 ± 4.12*

51.78 ± 3.88*

52.33 ± 3.08*

56.01 ± 3.42*

Lipid peroxidation (TBARS level in μg/g of tissue)

I

5.11 ± 0.76

8.76 ± 1.01

4.21 ± 0.58

2.34 ± 0.32

3.22 ± 0.32

II

8.74 ± 0.98#

16.15 ± 2.11#

8.25 ± 0.58#

4.12 ± 0.50#

5.58 ± 0.72#

III

5.86 ± 0.54*

10.24 ± 1.54*

5.02 ± 0.45**

2.67 ± 0.24*

3.61 ± 0.42*

IV

5.94 ± 0.72*

10.58 ± 1.33*

5.21 ± 0.62*

2.86 ± 0.33*

3.78 ± 0.45*

Protein cabonylation (nmol/mg of protein)

I

34.56 ± 1.89

4.87 ± 0.54

2.31 ± 0.22

1.92 ± 0.34

1.02 ± 0.12

II

72.13 ± 2.67#

9.76 ± 1.01#

5.02 ± 0.51#

3.87 ± 0.56$

1.97 ± 0.23#

III

41.32 ± 2.01**

6.65 ± 0.67*

3.28 ± 0.33*

2.24 ± 0.48*

1.32 ± 0.09*

IV

44.56 ± 2.11**

6.89 ± 0.78*

3.41 ± 0.42*

2.29 ± 0.31*

1.38 ± 0.14*

NADPH oxidase (pmol/min/mg of protein)

I

0.42 ± 0.03

0.56 ± 0.04

0.67 ± 0.03

0.38 ± 0.02

0.32 ± 0.03

II

3.67 ± 0.55#

4.55 ± 0.67#

3.91 ± 0.40#

2.98 ± 0.33#

3.18 ± 0.28#

III

2.45 ± 0.18*

2.85 ± 0.33*

2.44 ± 0.45*

1.85 ± 0.24*

2.24 ± 0.35*

IV

2.58 ± 0.21*

2.89 ± 0.54*

2.58 ± 0.32*

1.89 ± 0.27*

2.38 ± 0.26

Total coenzyme Q9 (nmol/g of wet tissue)

I

178.67 ± 9.14

148.32 ± 6.33

58.24 ± 3.98

28.67 ± 1.72

98.72 ± 4.92

II

124.56 ± 7.33#

112.56 ± 5.59#

39.21 ± 2.21#

17.87 ± 1.08#

66.67 ± 3.90#

III

164.43 ± 8.39**

144.06 ± 6.18**

53.12 ± 2.92*

24.41 ± 1.45*

84.56 ± 4.04*

IV

158.25 ± 7.53*

139.33 ± 5.89*

49.32 ± 2.54

24.18 ± 1.52*

81.31 ± 3.78

Total coenzyme Q10 (nmol/g of wet tissue)

I

30.50 ± 2.34

25.67 ± 1.92

27.24 ± 1.98

7.51 ± 0.46

14.21 ± 1.02

II

18.72 ± 1.78#

15.70 ± 1.18#

18.67 ± 1.02#

4.35 ± 0.22#

8.67 ± 0.84#

III

28.33 ± 1.98**

23.65 ± 1.78**

24.89 ± 1.54*

6.12 ± 0.52*

12.33 ± 1.10*

IV

27.65 ± 2.12*

22.04 ± 1.04*

24.10 ± 1.42

5.78 ± 0.42

11.75 ± 0.78

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SE, for six animals in each group. #Values differ significantly from normal control (p < 0.01). $ Values differ significantly from normal control (p < 0.01). * Values differ significantly from CdCl2 control (p < 0.05). ** Values differ significantly from CdCl2 control (p < 0.01). Group I: Normal control; Group II: Toxic control; Group III: AEIA (100 mg/kg) + CdCl2 (4 mg/kg); Group IV: AEEF (100 mg/kg) + CdCl2 (4 mg/kg).