The effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil against post-resuscitation myocardial and intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction by attenuating apoptosis and regulating microRNAs expression: essential role of nitric oxide syntheses signaling

Table 1 Haemodynamics and success of resuscitation

Group	Parameter	Baseline	ROSC 0 min	ROSC 30 min	ROSC 1 h	ROSC 2 h	ROSC 4 h	ROSC 6 h	Number of shocks to initial ROSC	Total adrenaline dose (mg)	6 h survival	24 h survival
Saline group	HR	101.38 ± 8.30	132.2 ± 11.3**	129.4 ± 10.4**	120.3 ± 8.9**	118.9 ± 9.3**	113.5 ± 17.4*	101.4 ± 10.4	4.9 ± 1.2	1.9 ± 0.7	5 (8)	3 (8)
	CO	2.99 ± 0.20	0.91 ± 0.07**	0.88 ± 0.06**	0.89 ± 0.06**	0.91 ± 0.05**	1.04 ± 0.05**	1.15 ± 0.04**
	MAP	91.88 ± 3.22	125.2 ± 7.3**	122.5 ± 6.4**	115.4 ± 6.1**	109.8 ± 5.7**	107.6 ± 5.1**	101.5 ± 4.8*
	CPP	44.2 ± 4.12	22.3 ± 2.5**	23.4 ± 2.6**	25.6 ± 2.7**	29.7 ± 3.6**	32.5 ± 3.8*	33.8 ± 3.7*
	MPAP	24.1 ± 2.2	49.7 ± 6.3**	47.3 ± 5.7**	43.8 ± 4.7**	39.7 ± 4.2**	35.8 ± 3.7*	35.1 ± 3.1*
	LVEF %	41.3 ± 7.4	24.3 ± 1.2**	26.4 ± 2.3**	29.4 ± 2.7**	32.3 ± 3.5*	33.5 ± 4.3*	34.6 ± 3.3*
Sildenafil group	HR	102.18 ± 7.30	123.2 ± 9.3**^Δ	118.4 ± 8.4**^Δ	115.3 ± 7.9**	110.9 ± 6.3*^Δ	107.5 ± 5.4^Δ	105.4 ± 4.4	2.1 ± 0.6^Δ	0.8 ± 0.3^Δ	7 (8)	7 (8)^Δ
	CO	2.99 ± 0.20	0.99 ± 0.06**	1.12 ± 0.03**	1.23 ± 0.04**^Δ	1.34 ± 0.08**^Δ	1.42 ± 0.07**^Δ	1.36 ± 0.08**
	MAP	89.88 ± 3.22	117.2 ± 7.1**^Δ	115.5 ± 5.9**^Δ	111.8 ± 5.6**	103.6 ± 4.7**^Δ	99.8 ± 4.3*^Δ	94.5 ± 3.4
	CPP	43.1 ± 3.34	27.6 ± 2.8**^Δ	28.2 ± 2.9**^Δ	32.4 ± 3.1**	35.4 ± 3.6*^Δ	36.5 ± 3.9^Δ	39.4 ± 4.3^Δ
	MPAP	24.6 ± 2.7	40.3 ± 5.6**^Δ	38.4 ± 4.1**^Δ	37.8 ± 4.1**^Δ	33.6 ± 3.5*^Δ	29.8 ± 3.1^Δ	28.7 ± 2.2^Δ
	LVEF %	43.1 ± 6.9	27.3 ± 1.3**	30.7 ± 2.8**	32.3 ± 3.1*	38.7 ± 3.9*^Δ	39.5 ± 4.1^Δ	40.9 ± 4.1^Δ

Values are mean ± SD. Pressures are given in mmHg, flows in mL/min.
HR heart rate, CO cardiac output, MAP mean aortic pressure, CPP coronary perfusion pressure, MPAP mean pulmonary arterial pressure, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction.
* p < 0.05 vs. baseline, ** p < 0.01 vs. baseline, ^Δp < 0.05 vs. SA. (Student t test was used for comparisons between two groups. Differences at different time points were compared with repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction for post hoc comparison).

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