Figure 2

TS abrogates osteoclast resorptive activity. RAW 264.7 cell were cultured in the presence of RANKL with different concentrations of TS (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 μg/mL). After 6 days, cells were removed, and the bone slices stained by toluidine blue (A) or by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify resorption pits (B). RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of RANKL with TS (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 μg/mL). After 6 days of culture, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and double stained with Honest 33258 (nuclear staining) and rhodamine-phalloidin (F-actin structure) and visualized by fluorescence microscopy (C). Quantitative analysis shows the percentage of bovine bone slice surface occupied by resorption lacunae (D for toluidine blue staining and E for SEM), and percentage of osteoclasts forming F-actin rings (F). The effects of TS on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells for 48 h were tested by MTS (G). All bar graphs represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^### P < 0.001 significantly different from Control. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 significantly different from RANKL only group.