Table 2 Effect of AA on serum biochemical parameters of T2D rats

Total cholesterol (mg dl⁻¹)

87.12 ± 3.60

131.32 ± 3.73^#

104.22 ± 5.02*

97.53 ± 3.70**

94.43 ± 3.67**

HDL-cholesterol (mg dl⁻¹)

33.10 ± 2.94

18.14 ± 1.13^#

24.61 ± 2.41

28.98 ± 3.60*

31.38 ± 3.17**

Triglycerides (mg dl⁻¹)

76.27 ± 3.78

123.08 ± 6.13^#

104.22 ± 5.67

96.40 ± 7.10*

82.62 ± 5.60**

Insulin (μg dl⁻¹)

2.68 ± 0.18

1.64 ± 0.14^#

2.02 ± 0.11

2.17 ± 0.10*

2.23 ± 0.14*

Glycosylated haemoglobin (mg g⁻¹ haemoglobin)

0.27 ± 0.45

0.67 ± 0.62^#

0.49 ± 0.73

0.42 ± 0.65*

0.39 ± 0.33**

ALT (IU l⁻¹)

69.83 ± 4.16

101.43 ± 7.49^#

84.55 ± 6.35

79.33 ± 5.13*

73.98 ± 6.13*

AST (IU l⁻¹)

45.32 ± 4.09

71.69 ± 4.47^#

58.91 ± 5.38

54.69 ± 6.81

51.20 ± 6.34*

Urea (mg dl⁻¹)

30.63 ± 2.41

65.04 ± 4.99^#

46.56 ± 3.88**

44.76 ± 3.07**

41.86 ± 3.52**

Lactate dehydrogenase (U l⁻¹)

207.52 ± 9.36

294.04 ± 15.24^#

253.75 ± 15.68

242.82 ± 13.10*

238.33 ± 9.98*

Creatinine kinase (IU mg⁻¹ protein)

4.73 ± 0.38

8.21 ± 0.50^#

6.54 ± 0.57

6.12 ± 0.39*

5.76 ± 0.45**

C-reactive protein (mg dl⁻¹)

1.02 ± 0.10

3.24 ± 0.24^#

2.18 ± 0.24*

2.09 ± 0.32**

1.61 ± 0.19**