Table 3 Pregnancy outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus by assignment

Delivery at a tertiary hospital

237(65.7%)

237(69.9%)

0.228

Gestational weeks at delivery

39.2(2.1)

39.4(2.9)

0.243

Primary outcome

Birth weight ?4.0 kg

63(17.5%)

38(11.2%)

0.019

0.64(0.44-0.93)

0.66(0.45-0.95)

Secondary outcome

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

16(4.4%)

27(8.0%)

0.052

1.80(0.99-3.28)

1.77(0.98-3.21)

Birth weight, g

3469(574)

3371(530)

0.021

Body stature of neonates, cm

50.2(1.9)

50.1(1.8)

0.248

Infant male gender

190(52.9%)

204(60.4%)

0.048

Large for gestational age^†

72(19.9%)

44(13.0%)

0.013

0.65(0.46-0.92)

0.66(0.47-0.93)

Birth weight ≥4.5 kg

10(2.8%)

7(2.1%)

0.541

0.75(0.29-1.94)

0.75(0.28-1.99)

Birth weight < 2.5 kg

14(3.9%)

14(4.1%)

0.865

1.06(0.52-2.20)

1.00(0.48-2.08)

Apgar score at 1 min <7

7(1.9%)

0(0%)

0.016

Neonatal hypoglycemia^†

4(1.1%)

2(0.6%)

0.457

0.53(0.10-2.89)

0.55(0.10-3.09)

Birth trauma or shoulder dystocia

0

0

-

-

-

Bone fracture

0

0

-

-

-

Stillbirth or neonatal death

4(1.1%)

4(1.2%)

0.929

1.06(0.27-4.22)

1.01(0.27-3.84)

Induced labor

1(0.3%)

0

-

Preterm birth

28(7.8%)

18(5.3%)

0.192

0.68(0.39-1.21)

0.64(0.36-1.14)

Premature rupture of membrane

69(19.1%)

49(14.5%)

0.100

0.76(0.54-1.06)

0.74(0.53-1.04)

Caesarean delivery

233(64.5%)

239(70.5%)

0.093

1.09(0.99-1.21)

1.09(0.98-1.21)

Preeclampsia

8(2.2%)

18(5.3%)

0.031

2.40(1.06-5.44)

2.35(1.05-5.26)

Gestational hypertension

8(2.2%)

9(2.7%)

0.706

1.20(0.47-3.07)

1.18(0.46-3.05)