Table 2 Strategies to be refined to expand the stem cell therapeutic procedure
From: Advancing stem cell therapy from bench to bedside: lessons from drug therapies
Functional therapeutic approaches | Therapeutic strategies | Benefits/outcomes | Problems to be addressed |
|---|---|---|---|
Co-administration | Multiple cell types | Utilization of cell heterogeneity | Utilization of correct combinations |
Genetically engineered cells | |||
Combinations of progenitors | |||
Cytokines | Exploiting cell signalling synergistically | Understanding cell signalling for effective cell formulations | |
Growth factors | |||
Transcription factors | |||
Pre-conditioning | Chemical (drugs) | Cyto-protection | Developing safer reprogramming & programming methods |
Physical Stimuli (hypoxia, electrical stimulation, ultrasound) | Better cell survival | ||
Genetic | Increased differentiation potential | ||
Small molecules | Enhanced paracrine effects | Understanding the mechanisms triggering the cytoprotective and other signalling pathways in response to preconditioning stimuli | |
Pre-coating | Efficient homing & integration | ||
Route of transfusion/translation | Local or systemic | Targeted delivery | Developing efficient labelling for cell tracking post transplantation |
Intracranial, intranasal, circulatory system | Better cell survival & integration post transplantation | Complexity of multiple route delivery mechanisms | |
Intra-arterial, intra venous, cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture | Understanding the migratory properties & migratory behaviour of cells through different delivery routes | ||
Doses & Durations | Cell dose based on MSCs sources | Minimize side effects by fixed dose | Determine the potential cell source for transplantation |
Single or multiple infusion | Preventing cell lose | Determine the dose associated efficacy of allogeneic/autogenic/cryopreserved MSCs |