Figure 5

Examination of the expression levels of CD4+T cell Related Cytokiness in CFS/ME following mitogenic stimulation. CD4⁺T cells, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels in CFS/ME (black bars) and control participants (white bars) measured after mitogenic stimulation with PHA. The concentrations of cytokines were measured in pg/mL. Both anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α) cytokines were increased in the CFS/ME group following mitogenic stimulation. *Statistically significant results at p < 0.05. Data presented as mean ± SEM.