Identification and manipulation of tumor associated macrophages in human cancers

Table 2 Markers used to identify human tumor associated macrophages

Molecule	Function	*in situ* ¹	*in vitro* ²		Expression³
				monocytes	M1	M2	other	ref
CD68	Glycoprotein for adherence	IHC		x	x	x		53
CD14	LPS co-receptor	IHC	Flow	x	x	x		67.73
CD163	Scavenger receptor hemoglobulin	IHC	Flow	+/-	+/-	xx		5,63,75,76
CD206	Mannose receptor		Flow		x	xx		6
MMP-2	Matrix metalloproteinase	IHC	Digestion			x	Tumor cells	70
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase	IHC	Digestion			x	Tumor cells	70
HLA-DR	Antigen presentation molecule	IHC	Flow	x	x	x	Immune cells
CD204	Macrophage scavenger receptor 1	IHC			x	x	Tumor cells	71
B7H4	Inhibiting costimulatory molecule	IHC	Flow			x	Tumor cells	29
CD11b	Mac-1		Flow	x	x	x		73.76
FRb	Folate receptor beta		Flow			x		74
STAT-3	Transcription factor	IHC	Flow			x	Tumor tissue	77
iNOS	Nitric Oxide Synthase	IHC			x			72
IL-12p70	Interleukin	IHC	ELISA	x	xx			67.69
IL-10	Interleukin	IHC	ELISA	x	x	xx	Tumorcells	67

1. IHC = Immunohistochemical staining
2. Flow = immunofluorescent flowcytometry, ELISA = Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Digestion = collagen digestion assay
3. × = present on cell subset, XX = highly expressed or produced

ISSN: 1479-5876