Caveolin-1 in renal cell carcinoma promotes tumour cell invasion, and in co-operation with pERK predicts metastases in patients with clinically confined disease

Table 3 Multivariate Cox regression hazard model for time to recurrence using a forward conditional selection method

Prognostic indices model (n)	HR	95% CI	P value
Grade 1 and 2	1
Grade 3 and 4	3.4	1.9-6.1	<0.001*
No capsular invasion present	1
Capsular invasion present	5.4	3.0-10.0	<0.001*
Cav-1 and p-ERK1/2 covariate negative	1
Cav-1 and p-ERK1/2 covariate positive	4.2	2.3-7.5	<0.001*

Covariates used include: tumour grade, stage, size, capsular invasion, vascular invasion, Cav-1 and p-ERK1/2. The covariates of size, stage and vascular invasion are rejected as not influential in the model by the selection method.
CI = 95% confidence limit, HR = Hazard Ratio * denotes significance P < 0.001.

ISSN: 1479-5876