Abnormal T regulatory cells (Tregs: FOXP3+, CTLA-4+), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs: monocytic, granulocytic) and polarised T helper cell profiles (Th1, Th2, Th17) in women with large and locally advanced breast cancers undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery: failure of abolition of abnormal treg profile with treatment and correlation of treg levels with pathological response to NAC

Table 3 Monocytic and Granulocytic MDSCs in Women with LLABCs undergoing NAC and subsequent surgery

Baseline (B) Levels in LLABCs *Versus*(v) Levels Following Chemotherapy (CC) in Different Responders
Study Group Comparisons	Monocytic MDSCs (AbN)		Granulocytic MDSCs (AbN)
	Good** Clinical Responders (n = 12)	Poor** Clinical Responders (n = 7)	Good Clinical Responders (n = 12)	Poor Clinical Responders (n = 7)
Baseline (B)	37.00 ± 10.00	25.57 ± 8.00	171.75 ± 25.00	198.67 ± 40.00
CC (4 cycles)	17.25 ± 2.10	7.20 ± 2.10	126.06 ± 15.00	122.50 ± 50.00
CC (4 cycles) v B	p = 0.020*	p = 0.003*	p = 0.032*	NS (p = 0.075)
Baseline (B)	37.00 ± 10.00	25.57 ± 8.00	171.75 ± 25.00	198.67 ± 40.00
CC (8 cycles)	9.45 ± 0.50	4.00 ± 1.20	69.00 ± 20.00	89.90 ± 28.00
CC (8 cycles) v B	p = 0.003*	p = 0.001*	p = 0.006*	p = 0.023*
HFDs	10.20 ± 2.80	10.20 ± 2.80	129 ± 21.00	129 ± 21.00
Post CC (8 cycles) v HFDs	NS	p = 0.041***	p = 0.042***	p = 0.048***
Baseline (B) Levels in LLABCs *Versus* (v) Levels Post Surgical Resection (SR) in Different Responders
	Good Clinical Responders (n = 12)	Poor Clinical Responders (n = 7)	Good Clinical Responders (n = 12)	Poor Clinical Responders (n = 7)
Baseline (B)	37.00 ± 10.00	25.57 ± 8.00	171.75 ± 25.00	198.67 ± 40.00
SR	7.11 ± 1.50	3.90 ± 1.50	75.67 ± 9.00	70.00 ± 20.00
SRvB	p = 0.002*	p = 0.046*	p = 0.001*	p = 0.013*
HFDs	10.20 ± 2.80	10.20 ± 2.80	129 ± 21.00	129 ± 21.00
SR v HFDs	NS	p = 0.044***	p = 0.048***	p = 0.044***

Values shown are for baseline, following chemotherapy (CC) and surgery (SR) – Means ± SDs.
* Statistically significant p values (student independent t-test); NS: Non significant; ** Good responders : complete or partial response assessed by MRM after two cycles of AC; Poor responders: did not demonstrate a response by MRM after two cycles of AC; *** Levels of AbNs (Monocytic MDSCs, Granulocytic MDSCs) less than that documented in HFDs.

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