Figure 8

Immunofluorescent (IF) staining for renal expressions of inflammatory markers at 24-week after CKD induction A to E). Identification of macrophage (CD68+ cells) (red arrows) accumulation in kidney parenchyma of each group of rats using IF staining, showing significantly higher number of macrophage in group 2 than in group 1. Further increase noted in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2, and substantially higher in group 4 than in groups 1 to 3, but markedly lower in group 5 compared with groups 3 and 4. F) * vs. other groups, p < 0.0001. Nuclei (blue color) stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) as counter staining. All pictures taken under high-power field (HPF) 400x. Scale bars in right lower corner represent 50 μm. All statistical analyses using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test. Symbols (*, †, ‡, §, ¶) indicate significance (at 0.05 level) (n = 10).