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Table 2 The mean of the participants’ pulse rates in given WPS scenarios and non smoker controls

From: The detrimental danger of water-pipe (Hookah) transcends the hazardous consequences of general health to the driving behavior

Sample

Scenario

Variable

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Experimental group

Before smoking

Pulse-1

80.23

13.93

1.677

Immediately after smoking

Pulse-2

94.90

15.38

1.851

Half hour after smoking

Pulse-3

87.18

14.39

2.036

Before smoking

Saturation-1

97.90

.60

.072

Immediately after smoking

Saturation- 2

97.32

1.55

.186

Half an hour after smoking

Saturation −3

97.38

1.05

.148

Control group

Before exam

Pulse-1

82.50

11.25

2.055

Immediately after experimental group exam

Pulse-2

80.90

9.64

1.761

Half an hour after experimental group exam

Pulse-3

80.08

10.77

3.11

Before exam

Saturation-1

97.57

.94

.171

Immediately after experimental group exam

Saturation −2

97.63

.96

.176

 

Half an hour after experimental group exam

Saturation-3

97.75

.45

.131

  1. Table 2 Presents the mean of the pulse rate and the level of blood oxygenation (saturation rate) in the three scenarios: prior to smoking a Water-Pipe, immediately following smoking and half an hour subsequent to WPS in experimental group comparing to non smokers control group. In the experimental group, immediately following WPS, a statistically significant increase (Table 3) in the pulse rate was observed - from 80 to 95 (t = 11.84, p < 0.05), while in the control group a significant decrease in the pulse rate was observed - from 83 to 81. Other important results is that in the experimental group - even half an hour after Water-Pipe smoking, the pulse rate continues to be higher than that prior to Water-Pipe smoking, and the difference between the two scenarios is statistically significant (t = 5.54, p < 0.05). While in the control group, no significant change in the pulse rate was observed. In the experimental group immediately following WPS, the saturation level decreased from 97.9 to 97.32, and the decrease is statistically significant (t = 3.01, p < 0.05); while in the control group, the no significant change in the saturation rate was observed. Furthermore, in the experimental group, half an hour after WPS, the saturation rate continued to be higher than that prior to WPS and the difference is statistically significant (t = 3.02), while in the control group, no change in the saturation rate was observed half an hour subsequent to experimental group smoking a Water-Pipe.
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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