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Table 2 Factors of poor prognosis by using Cox regression

From: Increased risk of psychiatric disorder in patients with hearing loss: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Variables

Crude HR

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

P

Adjusted HR

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

P

Hearing loss

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

2.994

2.097

3.787

< 0.001

2.587

1.723

3.346

< 0.001

Sex

 Male

1.562

1.146

1.897

< 0.001

1.340

1.025

1.798

0.025

 Female

Reference

   

Reference

   

Age groups (years)

≦ 19

Reference

   

Reference

   

 20–44

1.597

1.344

1.825

< 0.001

1.444

1.102

1.789

< 0.001

 45–64

2.234

1.602

2.570

< 0.001

2.101

1.527

2.482

< 0.001

≧ 65

2.456

1.842

2.677

< 0.001

2.301

1.793

2.571

< 0.001

Insured premium (NT$)

 < 18,000

Reference

   

Reference

   

 18,000–34,999

0.897

0.672

1.795

0.312

0.721

0.558

1.422

0.486

≧ 35,000

0.786

0.533

1.564

0.467

0.611

0.402

1.303

0.597

DM

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

2.012

1.450

2.795

< 0.001

1.861

1.303

2.672

< 0.001

HTN

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

2.370

1.187

3.301

< 0.001

2.287

1.104

3.010

< 0.001

Renal disease

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

2.165

1.352

2.779

< 0.001

2.006

1.254

2.650

< 0.001

Hyperlipidemia

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

1.786

1.256

2.352

< 0.001

1.701

1.124

2.245

< 0.001

Thyrotoxicosis

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

1.568

1.056

1.896

< 0.001

1.332

0.894

1.672

0.150

Septicemia

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

1.898

1.265

2.442

< 0.001

1.562

1.059

2.204

0.001

Pneumonia

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

1.562

1.131

1.886

< 0.001

1.482

1.101

1.782

 

CLD

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

2.465

1.562

2.976

< 0.001

2.323

1.397

2.864

< 0.001

Injury

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

2.551

1.334

3.792

< 0.001

2.154

1.202

2.970

< 0.001

Tumor

 Without

Reference

   

Reference

   

 With

2.865

1.562

3.971

< 0.001

2.229

1.488

3.125

< 0.001

Season

 Spring

Reference

   

Reference

   

 Summer

1.350

1.145

1.551

< 0.001

1.182

0.899

1.443

0.120

 Autumn

1.577

1.301

1.803

< 0.001

1.297

1.030

1.625

0.021

 Winter

1.702

1.565

1.976

< 0.001

1.488

1.206

1.896

< 0.001

Location

Multicollinearity with urbanization level

 Northern Taiwan

Reference

   

Multicollinearity with urbanization level

 Central Taiwan

0.862

0.452

1.452

0.592

Multicollinearity with urbanization level

 Southern Taiwan

1.067

0.651

1.570

0.389

Multicollinearity with urbanization level

 Eastern Taiwan

0.675

0.202

1.265

0.887

Multicollinearity with urbanization level

 Outlying islands

1.124

0.756

1.797

0.311

Multicollinearity with urbanization level

Urbanization level

 1 (the highest)

1.986

1.399

2.706

< 0.001

1.906

1.284

2.669

< 0.001

 2

1.911

1.382

2.689

< 0.001

1.896

1.277

2.652

< 0.001

 3

1.543

1.165

2.244

< 0.001

1.401

1.073

2.184

0.001

 4 (the lowest)

Reference

   

Reference

   

Level of care

 Hospital center

2.118

1.601

2.798

< 0.001

1.996

1.485

2.501

< 0.001

 Regional hospital

1.870

1.375

2.505

< 0.001

1.756

1.246

2.334

< 0.001

 Local hospital

Reference

   

Reference

   
  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Adjusted HR Adjusted variables listed in the table
  2. Adjusted HR model, Schoenfeld's global test: p = 0.7941; Omnibus test: p < 0.001
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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