Fig. 3

ZIKV-LAV strains exhibit limited infection in normal brain cells. A–B ZIKV-LAV infection of human brain microvascular endothelia (HBMEC) cells over 3 days, evaluated by measuring changes in cell viability A and viral copies B detected in infected cells. C–E ZIKV-LAV infection of cultured human neurons over 11 days. Representative C live-cell images of cultured human neurons at day 7 and day 11 post-infection; and D immunofluorescence images of cultured human neurons at day 11 post-infection. Infected human neurons were probed for the expression of virus envelope protein (Env) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). E Viral copies detected from the supernatant of human neuronal culture at 11 days post-infection with ZIKV-LAV. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc correction was used to compare groups. p-values are shown accordingly: *p < 0.05. **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001. Scale bar = 250 µm