Fig. 1

ZIKV-LAV strains productively infect human GBM multiforme (GBM) cell lines. A Timeline of in vitro infection experiments. Cells were inoculated with either ZIKV-LAV strains, DN-1 and DN-2, or parent strain HPF, at 1 plaque-forming unit (pfu) per cell. Infected cells were observed for 7 days. B–D Representative live-cell images of human GBM cell lines B DBTRG, C LN18, and D T98G at 48 h and 72 h post-infection. E Representative fluorescence images of infected cells probed for the expression of ZIKV envelope (Env) protein. F–H Kinetics of cell death in F DBTRG, G LN18, and H T98G cells over 7 days after virus infection. I–K Virus growth kinetics following infection in I DBTRG, J LN18, and K T98G cells. Data are presented as individual points. Horizontal bars represent medians. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc correction was used to compare groups. p-values are shown accordingly: *p < 0.05. **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001