Fig. 4

Dysregulation of stromal cells in obese CRC. A UMAP plots of the fibroblast subsets, colored by cell subsets. B Violin plots showing the expression of markers in various subsets of fibroblasts. C Heatmap showing the dynamic changes in gene expression along the pseudotime (lower panel). The distribution of fibroblasts subsets during the transition, along with the pseudo-time. Subsets are labeled by colors (upper panel). D Pseudotime-ordered analysis of fibroblasts. colored by pseudotime, cell subsets, and groups, respectively. E GSEA analysis comparing transcriptomic profiles of RGS5⁺fibroblasts in obese CRC and non-obese CRC, with positive scores indicating enrichment in the obese CRC group, and negative scores indicating enrichment in the non-obese CRC group. NES, normalized enrichment score. F UMAP plots of the endothelial cell subsets, colored by cell subsets. G Tissue prevalence of each endothelial cell subset estimated by the Ro/e score, in which Ro/e denotes the ratio of observed to expected cell number. H Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of TCGA CRC patients stratified by ESM1⁺EC. I Bar plots showing typically significantly enriched GO terms in ESM1⁺EC