Table 2 The MR analysis, heterogeneity and pleiotropy of COVID-19 hospitalization on mRNFL or mGCIPL thickness
From: SARS-CoV-2 neurovascular invasion supported by Mendelian randomization
Method | Outcome | Exposure: COVID-19 hospitalization | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Effect (SE) | P | OR | 95% CI | P-heterogeneity | P-pleiotropy | ||
IVW | mRNFL | 40 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 1.11 | 0.90–1.37 | 1.91 × 10–4 | |
Maximum likelihood | 40 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 1.12 | 0.96–1.30 | 1.94 × 10–4 | ||
MR Egger | 40 | 0.20 | 0.49 | 1.15 | 0.78–1.70 | 1.32 × 10–4 | ||
IVW (fixed effects) | 40 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 1.11 | 0.96–1.29 | – | ||
MR PRESSO | 40 | 0.11 | 0.94 | 1.11 | 0.92–1.41 | – | 0.84 | |
IVW | mGCIPL | 40 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 1.28 | 0.88–1.85 | 1.27 × 10–13 | |
Maximum likelihood | 40 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 1.29 | 1.06–1.58 | 1.37 × 10–13 | ||
MR Egger | 40 | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.20 | 0.60–2.41 | 6.82 × 10–14 | ||
IVW (fixed effects) | 40 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 1.28 | 1.05–1.55 | – | ||
MR PRESSO | 40 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 1.20 | 0.90–1.85 | – | 0.84 | |