Fig. 3

The main role of TAMs in the metastasis of CRC. TAMs contribute to multiple stages of CRC metastasis, including invasion, intravasation, angiogenesis, circulation, extravasation and PMN formation, by secreting different factors. IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-8 interleukin-8, TGF-β transforming growth factor-β, CCL20 C-C chemokine ligand 20, MMP-20 matrix metalloproteinase-20, MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9, EGF epidermal growth factor, CXCL-12 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12, CXCL-1 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1,  CXCL13 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, ECM extracellular matrix, MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells