Fig. 2

The actual epidemic patterns and counterfactual predictions under the COVID-19-associated public health interventions between January 2020 and July 2023. a Counterfactual prediction for the HFRS incidence series, b counterfactual prediction for the rabies incidence series, c counterfactual prediction for the DF incidence series, d counterfactual prediction for the HB incidence series, e counterfactual prediction for the leptospirosis incidence series, f counterfactual prediction for the malaria incidence series, and g counterfactual prediction for the schistosomiasis incidence series. It can be seen that seemingly the COVID-19-related public health interventions led to a case reduction in HFRS, rabies, DF, malaria, and schistosomiasis incidences except for HB and leptospirosis which showed a rising tendency during the COVID-19 pandemic